|
(1) DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS United
HealthCare Corporation (United HealthCare, or "we," "us," "our") is a
national leader in offering health care coverage and related services to
help people achieve improved health and well-being through all stages of
life. We provide a broad spectrum of products and services and operate in
all 50 states, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico, as well as
internationally. Our products and services reflect a number of core
capabilities, including medical information management, health benefit
administration, risk assessment and pricing, health benefit design, and
provider contracting and risk sharing. With these capabilities, we provide
comprehensive health care management services through organized health
systems and insurance products, including health maintenance organizations
(HMOs), point-of-service plans (POS), preferred provider organizations
(PPOs) and managed indemnity programs. We also offer specialized health
care management services and products such as behavioral health services,
workers' compensation and disability services, utilization review
services, specialized provider networks, employee assistance programs,
knowledge and information services, and administrative services.
(2) SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING
POLICIES BASIS OF PRESENTATION We have prepared the
consolidated financial statements according to generally accepted
accounting principles and have included the accounts of United HealthCare
and its subsidiaries. We have eliminated all significant inter-company
accounts and transactions.
These consolidated financial statements include some amounts that are
based on our best estimates and judgments. The most significant estimates
relate to medical costs payable and other policy liabilities, intangible
asset valuations and integration reserves relating to the recent
acquisitions. These estimates may be adjusted as more accurate information
becomes available, and any adjustment could be significant.
REVENUE RECOGNITION Premium revenues are recognized in the period
enrolled members are entitled to receive health care services. Premium
payments received from our customers prior to such period are recorded as
unearned premiums. Management services and fee revenues are recognized in
the period the related services are performed. Premium revenues related to
Medicare and Medicaid programs as a percentage of total premium revenues
were 22% in 1997, 19% in 1996, and 22% in 1995.
MEDICAL COSTS Medical costs include claims paid, claims in process
and pending, and estimated unreported claims and charges by physicians,
hospitals and other health care providers for services provided to
enrolled members during the period. Medical cost adjustments to prior
period estimates are reflected in the current period.
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AND INVESTMENTS Cash and cash equivalents
are highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or
less. The fair value of cash and cash equivalents approximates carrying
value because of the short maturity of the instruments. Investments with a
maturity of less than one year are classified as short-term.
Investments held by trustees or agencies according to state regulatory
requirements are classified as held to maturity based on our ability and
intent to hold these investments to maturity. Such investments are
reported at amortized cost. All other investments are classified as
available for sale and are reported at fair value based on quoted market
prices. Unrealized gains and losses on investments available for sale are
excluded from earnings and reported as a separate component of
shareholders' equity, net of income tax effects. To calculate realized
gains and losses on the sale of investments available for sale, we use the
amortized cost of each investment sold. We have no investments classified
as trading securities.
ASSETS UNDER MANAGEMENT In connection with the 1995 acquisition of
The MetraHealth Companies, Inc. (MetraHealth) (see Note 3), we are
administering certain aspects of the health care operations of
MetraHealth's predecessor companies related to business we expect to be
transferred to United HealthCare according to agreements made during the
initial formation of MetraHealth. As this business transfers to United
HealthCare, associated assets are invested in marketable securities
according to our investment policy.
OTHER POLICY LIABILITIES Other policy liabilities principally relate
to experience-rated indemnity products and primarily include retrospective
rate credit reserves and customer balances.
Retrospective rate credit reserves represent premiums we received in
excess of claims and expenses charged under eligible contracts. Reserves
established for closed policy years are based on actual experience, while
reserves for open years are based on estimates of premiums, claims and
expenses incurred.
Customer balances consist principally of deposit accounts and reserves
that have accumulated under certain experience-rated contracts. At the
customer's option, these balances may be returned to the customer or may
be used to pay future premiums or claims under certain eligible contracts.
PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT Property and equipment is stated at cost.
Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the
estimated useful life of the respective assets, ranging from 3 years to 30
years.
GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS Goodwill represents the
purchase price and transaction costs associated with businesses we
acquired in excess of the estimated fair value of the net assets of these
businesses. To the extent possible, a portion of the excess purchase price
and transaction costs is assigned to certain identifiable intangible
assets, primarily employer group contracts. Goodwill and other intangible
assets are being amortized on a straight-line basis over useful lives
ranging from 3 years to 40 years.
The useful lives of goodwill and other intangible assets have been
assigned based on our best judgment. We periodically evaluate whether
certain circumstances may affect the estimated useful lives or the
recoverability of the unamortized balance of goodwill or other intangible
assets.
The most significant components of goodwill and other intangible assets
are comprised of goodwill of $1.2 billion in 1997 and $1.1 billion in
1996, and employer group contracts of $900 million in 1997 and $939
million in 1996, net of accumulated amortization.
LONG-LIVED ASSETS We review long-lived assets for events or changes
in circumstances that would indicate we may not recover their carrying
value. We consider a number of factors, including estimated future
undiscounted cash flows associated with the long-lived asset, to make this
decision. We record assets held for sale at the lower of the carrying
amount or fair value, less any costs associated with the final settlement.
INCOME TAXES Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are
recognized for the differences between the financial and income tax
reporting bases of assets and liabilities based on enacted tax rates and
laws. The deferred income tax provision or benefit generally reflects the
net change in deferred income tax assets and liabilities during the year.
The current income tax provision reflects the tax consequences of revenues
and expenses currently taxable or deductible on various income tax returns
for the year reported.
STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION We use the intrinsic value method for
determining stock-based compensation expenses. Under the intrinsic value
method, we do not recognize compensation expense when the exercise price
of an employee stock option equals or exceeds the fair market value of the
stock on the date the option is granted. Information on what our
stock-based compensation expenses would have been had we calculated those
expenses using fair market values of outstanding stock options is included
in Note 8.
NET EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE In 1997, we adopted a new accounting
standard that changes the way we determine earnings per share (SFAS No.
128). Under this new standard, basic net earnings per common share is
computed by dividing net earnings applicable to common shareholders by the
weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period.
Diluted net earnings per common share is determined using the
weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period,
adjusted for the dilutive effect of outstanding stock options. We do not
consider convertible preferred stock a common stock equivalent when
calculating diluted earnings per share because the result would be
anti-dilutive.
RECLASSIFICATIONS Certain 1996 and 1995 amounts in the consolidated
financial statements have been reclassified to conform with the 1997
presentation. These reclassifications have no effect on net earnings or
shareholders' equity as previously reported.
(3) ACQUISITIONS On December 31, 1997, we
acquired Medicode, Inc. (Medicode), a leading provider of health care
information products. We issued approximately 2.4 million shares of common
stock and 507,000 common stock options with a total fair value of $140
million in exchange for all outstanding shares of Medicode. We accounted
for the acquisition using the purchase method of accounting, which means
the purchase price was allocated to assets and liabilities based on
estimated fair values at the date of acquisition. The purchase price and
costs associated with the acquisition exceeded the estimated fair value of
net assets acquired by $135 million and have been assigned to goodwill.
The pro forma effects of the Medicode acquisition on our consolidated
financial statements were not material.
On April 12, 1996, we completed the acquisition of HealthWise of
America, Inc. (HealthWise). HealthWise owned or operated health plans in
Maryland, Kentucky, Tennessee and Arkansas that served 154,000 members at
the time of acquisition. We issued 4.3 million shares of common stock in
exchange for all outstanding shares of HealthWise. We accounted for the
acquisition as a pooling of interests; however, we did not restate our
historical consolidated financial results because the effects of this
acquisition on our consolidated financial statements were not material. In
connection with the HealthWise acquisition, we incurred nonoperating
merger costs of $15 million.
On March 29, 1996, we completed the acquisition of PHP, Inc. (PHP), a
North Carolina-based health plan that served 132,000 members at the time
of acquisition. We issued 2.3 million shares of common stock, with a fair
value of $140 million, in exchange for all outstanding shares of PHP. We
accounted for the acquisition using the purchase method of accounting. The
purchase price and costs associated with the acquisition exceeded the
estimated fair value of net assets acquired by $115 million and have been
assigned to goodwill. The pro forma effects of the PHP acquisition on our
consolidated financial statements were not material.
We acquired MetraHealth on October 2, 1995. MetraHealth was formed in
January 1995 by combining the group health care operations of Metropolitan
Life Insurance Company and The Travelers Insurance Group. At the time of
acquisition, MetraHealth served over 10 million individuals, including 5.9
million in network-based care programs, 469,000 of whom were health plan
members. We accounted for the acquisition using the purchase method of
accounting. Based on estimates made at the date of acquisition, the
purchase price and costs associated with the acquisition exceeded the
estimated fair value of net assets acquired by $992 million.
The total purchase price of the acquisition was $1.1 billion in cash
and $500 million of convertible preferred stock, for a total amount at
closing of $1.6 billion. In addition, the former owners of MetraHealth
were eligible to receive up to an additional $350 million if MetraHealth
achieved certain 1995 operating results, as defined. In 1996, we paid $105
million in cash, including interest, as full settlement of the 1995
earnout. This earnout payment has been reflected in the accompanying
consolidated financial statements as additional goodwill. With the
settlement of the 1995 earnout and certain revisions to estimates made in
connection with the acquisition, goodwill and other intangible assets
associated with the MetraHealth acquisition totaled $1.2 billion.
In addition, certain of MetraHealth's former owners were eligible to
receive up to an additional $175 million in cash for each of 1996 and 1997
if our post-acquisition combined net earnings for each of those years
reached certain specified levels. Based on combined operating results for
those years, no payment related to these earnouts was required.
Had the MetraHealth acquisition occurred on January1, 1995, combined
unaudited pro forma results for the year ended December 31, 1995, would
have been: revenues - $8.7 billion; net earnings before restructuring
charges - $450 million; and net earnings per common share before
restructuring charges - $2.53. After considering 1995 restructuring
charges, net earnings would have been $353 million in 1995 ($1.98 per
common share).
(4) RESTRUCTURING CHARGES In connection
with our acquisition of MetraHealth, we developed a comprehensive plan to
integrate the business activities of the combined companies (the Plan).
The Plan included, among other things, the disposition, discontinuance and
restructuring of certain businesses and product lines, and the recognition
of certain asset impairments. In the fourth quarter of 1995, we recorded
$154 million in restructuring charges associated with the Plan.
In conjunction with ongoing integration efforts, we modified the Plan
during 1996. The restructuring reserves established with the original Plan
were an accurate estimation of the costs incurred; however, we needed to
reallocate the reserve estimates among the associated activities as the
original Plan evolved. A reconciliation of restructuring activities during
1997, 1996 and 1995 is as follows (in millions):
|
|
|
1997 |
1996 |
1995 |
|
|
|
Balance at beginning of year |
$28 |
$141 |
$ - |
|
Provisions for restructuring costs:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Severance and Outplacement |
- |
(10) |
24 |
|
|
Contract Terminations |
- |
3 |
58 |
|
|
Noncancelable Lease Obligations |
- |
7 |
20 |
|
|
Asset Impairments |
- |
- |
52 |
|
Cash Payments
|
|
|
|
|
|
Severance and Outplacement |
(3) |
(9) |
(2) |
|
|
Contract Terminations |
(9) |
(39) |
(9) |
|
|
Noncancelable Lease Obligations |
(5) |
(13) |
(2) |
|
Noncash Activities
|
|
|
|
|
|
Property, equipment and software writedowns |
- |
(52) |
- |
|
|
|
Balance at end of year |
$11 |
$28 |
$141 |
|
|
(5) PROVISION FOR FUTURE LOSSES In the
second quarter of 1996, we recorded a provision to medical costs of $45
million to cover estimated losses we expect to incur through the remaining
terms of two large multiyear contracts in our St. Louis health plan.
Through December 31, 1997, losses under these contracts of $26 million
have been applied against the established reserve. We believe the
remaining balance in the reserve will be sufficient to cover any future
losses from these contracts.
(6) CASH AND INVESTMENTS As of December
31, 1997 and 1996, the amortized cost, gross unrealized holding gains and
losses, and fair value of cash and investments were as follows (in
millions):
|
1997 |
Amortized Cost |
Gross Unrealized Holding
Gains |
Gross Unrealized Holding
Losses |
Fair Value |
|
|
|
Cash and Cash Equavilents |
$750 |
$- |
$- |
$750 |
|
|
|
Investments Available for Sale |
|
|
|
|
|
|
U.S. Government and Agencies |
685 |
9 |
(3) |
691 |
|
|
State and State Agencies |
775 |
17 |
- |
792 |
|
|
Municipalities and Local Agencies |
845 |
18 |
- |
863 |
|
|
Corporate |
439 |
6 |
- |
445 |
|
|
Other |
435 |
- |
- |
435 |
|
|
|
|
|
Total Investments Available for Sale |
3,179 |
50 |
(3) |
3,226 |
|
|
|
Instruments Held to Maturity
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
U.S. Government and Agencies |
38 |
- |
- |
38 |
|
|
State and State Agencies |
2 |
- |
- |
2 |
|
|
Municipalities and Local Agencies |
1 |
- |
- |
1 |
|
|
Corporate |
18 |
- |
- |
18 |
|
|
Other |
6 |
- |
- |
6 |
|
|
|
|
|
Total Investments Held to Maturity |
65 |
- |
- |
65 |
|
|
|
|
|
Total Cash and Investments |
$3,994 |
$50 |
$(3) |
$4,041 |
|
|
|
1996 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and Cash Equivalents |
$1,037 |
$- |
$- |
$1,037 |
|
|
|
Investments Available for Sale |
|
|
|
|
|
|
U.S. Government and Agencies |
825 |
1 |
(14) |
812 |
|
|
State and State Agencies |
471 |
2 |
- |
473 |
|
|
Municipalities and Local Agencies |
474 |
3 |
(1) |
476 |
|
|
Corporate |
416 |
1 |
(3) |
414 |
|
|
Other |
179 |
- |
- |
179 |
|
|
|
|
|
Total Investments Available for Sale |
2,365 |
7 |
(18) |
2,354 |
|
|
|
Investments Held to Maturity
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
U.S. Government and Agencies |
36 |
- |
- |
36 |
|
|
State and State Agencies |
5 |
- |
- |
5 |
|
|
Municipalities and Local Agencies |
1 |
- |
- |
1 |
|
|
Corporate |
17 |
- |
- |
17 |
|
|
Other |
3 |
- |
- |
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
Total Investments Held to Maturity |
62 |
- |
- |
62 |
|
|
|
|
|
Total Cash and Investments |
$3,464 |
$7 |
$(18) |
$3,453 |
|
|
As of December 31, 1997, the contractual maturities of cash and cash
equivalents and investments were as follows (in millions):
|
YEARS TO MATURITY |
Less Than One Year |
One to Five Years |
Over Five to Ten
Years |
Over Ten Years |
|
|
|
At Amortized Cost: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and Cash Equivalents |
$750 |
$- |
$- |
$- |
|
|
Investments Available for Sale |
506 |
1,191 |
678 |
804 |
|
|
Investments Held to Maturity |
36 |
29 |
- |
- |
|
|
|
|
|
Total Cash and Investments |
$1,292 |
$1,220 |
$678 |
$804 |
|
|
|
At Fair Value:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and Cash Equivalents |
$750 |
$- |
$- |
$- |
|
|
Investments Available for Sale |
506 |
1,202 |
695 |
823 |
|
|
Investments Held to Maturity |
36 |
29 |
- |
- |
|
|
|
|
|
Total Cash and Investments |
$1,292 |
$1,231 |
$695 |
$823 |
|
| Mortgage-backed securities that do not have
a single maturity date have been presented in the above tables based on
their estimated maturity dates.
Under applicable government regulations, several United HealthCare
subsidiaries are required to maintain specific capital levels to support
their operations. In addition, at December 31, 1997, trustees or state
regulatory agencies held investments of $65 million to ensure adequate
financial reserves exist as required by state regulatory agencies. After
taking these regulations and certain business considerations into account,
we had $960 million in cash and investments available for general
corporate use at December 31, 1997. Investment income earned on all
investments accrues to United HealthCare.
(7) CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK We have
10 million shares of $0.001 par value preferred stock authorized for
issuance. With our acquisition of MetraHealth, we designated a series of
500,000 shares as 5.75% Series A Convertible Preferred Stock (Preferred
Stock). This Preferred Stock was issued to certain former shareholders of
MetraHealth as a portion of the total consideration of the MetraHealth
acquisition (see Note 3).
Preferred Stock dividends are fully cumulative and payable quarterly at
the rate of 5.75% annually from available funds.
At the option of the Preferred shareholders, each share of Preferred
Stock may be converted into 20.21 shares of United HealthCare common
stock. At our option, we may redeem the Preferred Stock, in whole or in
part, anytime after October 1, 1998, at certain defined redemption rates.
The Preferred Stock must be redeemed no later than October 1, 2005.
Holders of Preferred Stock do not have voting rights, but do have
preference upon liquidation or dissolution of United HealthCare.
(8) SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY STOCK REPURCHASE
PROGRAM In November 1997, the board of directors authorized a stock
repurchase program under which up to 10% of our outstanding common stock
may be repurchased. These repurchases may be made from time to time at
prevailing prices in the open market, subject to certain restrictions on
volume, pricing and timing. The repurchased shares will be available for
reissuance for the employee stock option and purchase plans and for other
corporate purposes. Repurchase activity in 1997 was not significant.
DIVIDENDS On February 10, 1998, the board of directors approved an
annual dividend for 1998 of $0.03 per share to holders of common stock.
Dividends will be paid on April 15, 1998, to shareholders of record at the
close of business on April 1, 1998.
REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS Regulated United HealthCare subsidiaries
must comply with certain minimum capital or tangible net equity
requirements in each of the states in which they operate. As of December
31, 1997, all regulated subsidiaries were in compliance in all material
respects with these requirements.
STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION PLANS We have stock and incentive plans
(Stock Plans) for the benefit of eligible employees. As of December 31,
1997, the Stock Plans allowed for the future granting of up to 1,033,000
shares as incentive or non-qualified stock options, stock appreciation
rights, restricted stock awards, and performance awards to employees.
In 1995, we adopted the Non-employee Director Stock Option Plan (the
1995 Plan) to benefit members of the board of directors who are not
employees. Up to 350,000 shares of common stock may be issued under the
terms of the 1995 Plan. As of December 31, 1997, 74,000 shares were
available for future grants of non-qualified stock options under the 1995
Plan.
Options generally are granted at an exercise price not less than the
fair market value of the common stock at the date of grant. They may be
exercised over varying periods up to 10 years from the date of grant.
A summary of the activity under our Stock Plans and the 1995 Plan
during 1997, 1996 and 1995 is presented in the table below (shares in
thousands):
|
|
1997 |
1996 |
1995 |
|
|
|
|
Shares |
Weighted-Average Exercise
Price |
Shares |
Weighted-Average Exercise
Price |
Shares |
Weighted-Average Exercise
Price |
|
Outstanding at beginning of year |
16,894 |
$29 |
14,927 |
$28 |
11,509 |
$22 |
|
Granted |
4,366 |
$44 |
4,125 |
$33 |
6,792 |
$35 |
|
Issued in acquisition |
507 |
$4 |
- |
$- |
- |
$- |
|
Exercised |
(3,095) |
$20 |
(1,336) |
$19 |
(2,168) |
$16 |
|
Forfeited |
(1,559) |
$35 |
(822) |
$33 |
(1,206) |
$31 |
|
|
|
Outstanding at end of year |
17,113 |
$34 |
16,894 |
$29 |
14,927 |
$28 |
|
|
|
Exercisable at end of year |
6,702 |
$28 |
6,914 |
$23 |
4,542 |
$23 |
|
| The following table summarizes information
about stock options outstanding at December 31, 1997 (shares in
thousands):
|
|
Options Outstanding |
Options
Exercisable |
|
|
|
|
Range of Exercise Prices |
Number Outstanding at December 31,
1997 |
Weighted-Average Remaining Option Term
(years) |
Weighted-Average Exercise
Price |
Number Exercisable at December 31,
1997 |
Weighted-Average Exercise
Price |
|
|
|
$0 - $22 |
3,643 |
4.5 |
$14 |
2,534 |
$13 |
|
$23 - $35 |
5,144 |
7.7 |
$33 |
1,849 |
$31 |
|
$36 - $46 |
6,416 |
8.3 |
$42 |
1,705 |
$40 |
|
$47 - $55 |
1,910 |
8.3 |
$49 |
614 |
$50 |
|
|
|
$0 - $55 |
17,113 |
7.4 |
$34 |
6,702 |
$28 |
|
|
We increased additional paid-in capital $37 million in 1997, $15
million in 1996, and $29 million in 1995 to reflect the tax benefit we
received upon the exercise of nonqualified stock options.
We do not recognize compensation expense in connection with stock
option grants related to the Stock Plans and the 1995 Plan because we
grant stock options at exercise prices that equal or exceed the fair
market value of the stock at the time options are granted. If we had
determined compensation expense using fair market values for the stock,
net earnings and diluted net earnings per common share would have been
reduced to the following pro forma amounts:
|
|
|
1997 |
1996 |
1995 |
|
Net Earnings (in millions) |
|
|
|
|
|
As reported |
$460 |
$356 |
$286 |
|
|
Pro Forma |
$430 |
$332 |
$266 |
|
|
|
Diluted Net Earnings Per Common Share |
|
|
|
|
|
As reported |
$2.26 |
$1.76 |
$1.57 |
|
|
Pro Forma |
$2.10 |
$1.63 |
$1.46 |
|
|
|
Weighted-Average Fair Value of Options Granted |
$25 |
$23 |
$24 |
|
| To determine compensation cost under the
fair value method, the fair value of each option grant is estimated on the
date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model.
Principal assumptions used in applying the Black-Scholes model were as
follows:
|
|
1997 |
1996 |
1995 |
|
|
|
Risk-free interest rate |
6.0% |
6.6% |
6.4% |
|
Expected volatility |
56% |
57% |
55% |
|
Expected dividend yield |
0% |
0% |
0% |
|
Expected life in years |
5.6 |
5.0 |
5.2 |
|
| Because we did not apply the fair value
method of accounting to options granted prior to January 1, 1995, the
resulting pro forma compensation cost may not be representative of what
can be expected in future years.
EMPLOYEE STOCK OWNERSHIP PLAN We have an unleveraged Employee Stock
Ownership Plan (ESOP) for the benefit of all eligible employees. Company
contributions to the ESOP are made at the discretion of the board of
directors. We made contributions to the ESOP of $4 million in 1997, $3
million in 1996, and $1 million in 1995.
EMPLOYEE STOCK PURCHASE PLAN The Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP)
allows all eligible employees to purchase shares of common stock on
semiannual offering dates at a price that is the lesser of 85% of the fair
market value of the shares on the first day or the last day of the
semiannual period. Employee contributions to the ESPP were $17 million for
1997, $16 million for 1996, and $7 million for 1995. Through the ESPP, we
issued employees 422,000 shares in 1997, 392,000 shares in 1996, and
216,000 shares in 1995. As of December 31, 1997, 3.2 million shares were
available for future issue.
(9) INCOME TAXES Components of the
Provision for Income Taxes
|
Year Ended December 31, (in millions)
|
1997 |
1996 |
1995 |
|
|
|
Current |
|
|
|
|
|
Federal |
$171 |
$159 |
$182 |
|
|
State |
20 |
18 |
27 |
|
|
|
|
Total Current
|
191 |
177 |
209 |
|
Deferred |
91 |
48 |
(34) |
|
|
|
|
Total Provision
|
$282 |
$225 |
$175 |
|
|
Reconciliation of Statutory to Effective Income Tax Rate
|
Year Ended December 31 |
1997 |
1996 |
1995 |
|
|
|
Federal Statutory Rate |
35.0% |
35.0% |
34.9% |
|
State Income Taxes, net of federal benefit |
2.8 |
2.4 |
3.0 |
|
Tax-exempt Investment Income |
(2.9) |
(2.0) |
(2.6) |
|
Intangible Amortization |
2.8 |
3.1 |
2.0 |
|
Other, net |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.7 |
|
|
|
|
Effective Income Tax Rate |
38.0% |
38.7% |
38.0% |
|
|
Components of Deferred Income Tax Assets and Liablilities
|
December 31, |
1997 |
1996 |
|
|
|
Deferred Income Tax Assets: |
|
|
|
|
Medical Costs Payable and Other Accrued Liabilities |
$22 |
$39 |
|
|
Facility Consolidation Reserves |
18 |
24 |
|
|
Loss Reserve Discounting |
10 |
21 |
|
|
Severance and Deferred Compensation |
- |
19 |
|
|
Unearned Premiums |
19 |
12 |
|
|
Bad Debt Allowance |
9 |
10 |
|
|
Other Restructuring Reserves |
1 |
10 |
|
|
Impaired Assets Reserves |
4 |
9 |
|
|
Intangible Amortization |
3 |
6 |
|
|
Unrealized Losses on Investments Available for Sale |
- |
4 |
|
|
Other |
2 |
9 |
|
|
|
|
Total Deferred Income Tax Assets |
88 |
163 |
|
|
|
Deferred Income Tax Liablilities: |
|
|
|
|
Capitalized Software Development |
(19) |
(8) |
|
|
Unrealized Gains on Investments Available for Sale |
(18) |
- |
|
|
Other |
(10) |
(1) |
|
|
|
|
Total Deferred Income Tax Liablilities |
(47) |
(9) |
|
|
|
Net Deferred Income Tax Assets |
$41 |
$154 |
|
|
We paid income taxes of $124 million in 1997, $96 million in 1996, and
$190 million in 1995.
Consolidated income tax returns for fiscal years 1995 and 1994 are
being examined by the Internal Revenue Service. We do not believe any
adjustments that may result will have a significant impact on consolidated
operating results or financial position.
(10) COMMITMENTS AND
CONTINGENCIES LEASES We lease facilities, computer hardware
and other equipment under long-term operating leases that are
non-cancelable and expire on various dates through 2011. Rent expense
under all operating leases was $104 million in 1997, $114 million in 1996,
and $61 million in 1995.
At December 31, 1997, future minimum annual lease payments under all
noncancelable operating leases were as follows (in millions):
|
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
Thereafter |
|
|
|
$103 |
$86 |
$62 |
$42 |
$25 |
$64 |
|
|
SERVICE AGREEMENTS On June 1, 1996, and November 16, 1995, we
entered into separate 10-year contracts with nonaffiliated third parties
for information technology services. Under the terms of the contracts, the
third parties assumed responsibility for certain data center operations
and support. On September 19, 1996, we entered into a 10-year contract
with a third party for certain data network and voice communication
services. Future payments under all of these contracts are estimated to be
$1.5 billion; however, the actual timing and amount of payments will vary
based on usage. Expenses incurred in connection with these agreements were
$125 million in 1997, $70 million in 1996, and $6 million in 1995.
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS We are involved in legal actions that arise in the
ordinary course of business. Although we cannot predict the outcomes of
legal actions, it is our opinion that the resolution of any currently
pending or threatened actions will not have an adverse effect on our
consolidated financial position or results of operations.
BUSINESS RISKS Certain factors relating to the health care industry
and our business should be carefully considered. Companies offering health
care coverage and health care management services are heavily regulated at
federal and state levels. While we cannot predict regulatory changes or
their impact, it is possible that operations and financial results could
be negatively affected.
After several years of moderate increases in health care costs and
utilization, the industry experienced a pronounced increase during 1996.
Although these increases appear to have stabilized, there is no assurance
that health care costs and utilization will not continue to increase at a
more rapid pace. If they do, we may not be able to meet our objective of
maintaining price increases at least sufficient to cover health care cost
increases.
Additionally, the health care industry is highly competitive and has
seen significant consolidation over the past few years. The current
competitive markets in certain areas may limit our ability to price
products at appropriate levels. These competitive factors may adversely
affect the consolidated financial results.
CONCENTRATIONS OF CREDIT RISK Investments in financial instruments
such as marketable securities and commercial premiums receivable may
subject United HealthCare to concentrations of credit risk. Our
investments in marketable securities are managed by professional
investment managers within guidelines established by the board of
directors. As a matter of policy, these guidelines limit the amounts that
may be invested in any one issuer. Concentrations of credit risk with
respect to commercial premiums receivable are limited due to the large
number of employer groups that comprise our customer base. As of December
31, 1997, there were no significant concentrations of credit risk.
(11) RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
In 1998, we will adopt a new accounting standard (SFAS No. 130) that
will require us to report comprehensive income and its components, defined
in the standard as changes in the equity of our business during a
reporting period excluding changes resulting from investments by and
distributions to our shareholders. This new standard will not affect net
earnings or shareholders' equity as previously reported.
In 1998, we also will adopt a new accounting standard (SFAS No. 131)
that will require us to report financial and descriptive information about
our reportable operating segments. Generally, financial information will
be required to be reported on the basis that it is used internally to
evaluate segment performance and to allocate resources to segments. This
new standard will only affect financial statement disclosures and will not
affect how we determine net earnings or shareholders' equity.
(12) QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA
(UNAUDITED) The following is a summary of unaudited quarterly
results of operations for the years ended December 31, 1997 and 1996 (in
millions, except per share data):
|
|
Quarters Ended |
|
|
|
|
|
March 31 |
June 30 |
September 30 |
December 31 |
|
1997 |
|
|
|
|
|
Revenues |
$2,851 |
$2,931 |
$2,958 |
$3,054 |
|
Operating Expenses |
$2,673 |
$2,746 |
$2,771 |
$2,862 |
|
Net Earnings |
$109 |
$116 |
$116 |
$119 |
|
Net Earnings Applicable to Common Shareholders |
$102 |
$108 |
$109 |
$112 |
|
Basic Net Earnings per Common Share |
$0.55 |
$0.58 |
$0.58 |
$0.59 |
|
Diluted Net Earnings Common Share |
$0.54 |
$0.57 |
$0.57 |
$0.58 |
|
|
|
1996 |
|
|
|
|
|
Revenues |
$2,318 |
$2,492 |
$2,587 |
$2,677 |
|
Operating Expenses |
$2,125 |
$2,395 |
$2,438 |
$2,520 |
|
Net Earnings |
$119 |
$51 |
$91 |
$95 |
|
Net Earnings Applicable to Common Shareholders |
$112 |
$43 |
$84 |
$88 |
|
Basic Net Earnings per Common Share |
$0.64 |
$0.24 |
$0.46 |
$0.48 |
|
Diluted Net Earnings Common Share |
$0.62 |
$0.23 |
$0.45 |
$0.47 |
|
| |